1. User Research: Understanding the needs, goals, and behaviours of the target audience through methods like surveys, interviews, and observations.
2. Information Architecture: Organising and structuring information or content in a way that makes it easily accessible and understandable for users.
3. Interaction Design: Designing the way users interact with a product, such as the layout, navigation, and user interface elements.
4. Usability Testing: Evaluating a product's usability by having users perform tasks and collecting feedback to identify issues and make improvements.
5. Accessibility: Ensuring that products are accessible to people with disabilities, such as those with visual or motor impairments.
6. Visual Design: Creating a visually appealing and consistent look and feel for a product to enhance the user's experience.
7. Prototyping: Building low-fidelity or high-fidelity models of a product to test and refine ideas before development.
8. User Testing: Involving real users in the testing and feedback process to refine the product based on their input.